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• • • The Malayali people (also spelt Malayalee) are an Indian based in the south-western state of. They are identified as speakers of the language and they primarily live in Kerala, with a community that's all around the world.

Hence, the word Keralite is used as an alternative to Malayali. According to the Indian census of 2011, there are approximately 33 million Malayalis in Kerala, making up 96.7% of the total population of the state. And are other literary terms, that mean Kerala. Also, according to, Malayalam was the name of the place, before it became the name of the language spoken by people of that place. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Etymology [ ] Malayalam, the native language of Malayalis, has its origin from the words mala meaning mountain and alam meaning land or locality.

Hence the term Malayali refers to the people from the mountains who lived beyond the, and Malayalam the language that was spoken there. [ ] The mentions the ecclesiastical office of the who is referred to as Manikkam Keralar (The Ruby King of Kerala), synonymous with the deity of the temple.

Hence the term Keralar seem to precede the usage of the word Malayala/Malayalam. Geographic distribution and population [ ]. See also: According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 96.7% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (2.1% of the total number) in, 557,705 (1.7%) in and 406,358 (1.2%) in. The number of Malayalam speakers in is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep.

In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2001. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages.

Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in,,,, (Bombay),,, and (Madras). A large number of Malayalis have also emigrated to the, the, and.

Accessed November 22, 2014. Including a large number of. There were 7,093 Malayalam speakers in in 2006.

The 2001 reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mostly in the and. The 2006 census reported 2,139 speakers.

134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in. There is also a considerable Malayali population in the regions, especially in,,,, and. World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora. History and culture [ ]. Main article: Malayali cultural genesis can be traced to their membership in a well-defined historical region known as, encompassing the,, and kingdoms and southern coastal.

The Malayali live in an historic area known as the, which for thousands of years has been a major centre of the international spice trade, operating at least from the with documenting it on in 150AD. For that reason, a highly distinct culture was created among the Malayali due to centuries of contact with foreign cultures through the. The arrival of the, and the rise of in particular were very significant in shaping modern day Malayali culture. Later, Portuguese,, French, British, and communities which arrived after 1498 left their mark as well making Kerala even more colourful, vibrant, and diverse.

Malayalis can now be seen in all the countries of the world with the excellence of adaptation to any culture, food habits, language. Language and literature [ ] Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Malayalam is derived from old and Sanskrit in the 6th century. For cultural purposes Malayalam and Sanskrit formed a language known as, where both languages were used in an alternating style. Malayalam is the only among the major without.

This means, that the Malayalam which is spoken does not differ from the written variant. Malayalam is written using the. Is ancient in origin.

The oldest literature works in, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century (Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry.

The ( Kavithrayam: Kumaran Asan, and ) are recognized for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic and and towards a more mode. In 19th century Chavara Kuriakose Elias, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and Congregation of Mother of Carmel congregations, contribute different streams in the Malayalam Literature. All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems – athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul), Maranaveettil Paduvanulla Pana (Poem to sing in the bereaved house) and Anasthasiayude Rakthasakshyam – and other Literary works. In the second half of the 20th century, awardees like,, and and non awardees like have made valuable contributions to the Malayalam literature. Later, such Keralite writers as,,, and winner, whose 1996 semi-autobiographical bestseller is set in the town of Ayemenem, have gained international recognition. Kerala remains a fascinating riddle for the Indian diaspora, especially the younger generations - World Malayali Council with its sister organisation, International Institute for Scientific and Academic Collaboration (IISAC) has come out with a comprehensive book on Kerala titled ‘Introduction to Kerala Studies,’ specially intended for the Malayali diaspora across the globe.

Vilanilam, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kerala; Sunny Luke, medical scientist and former professor of Medical Biotechnology at Adelphi University, New York; and Antony Palackal, professor of Sociology at the Loyola College of Social Sciences in Thiruvananthapuram, have edited the book, besides making other contributions to it. Tharavadu [ ].

Main article: Tharavadu is a system of joint family practised by Malayalis, especially castes,, Thiyyas and other prominent religious groups. Each Tharavadu has a unique name. The Tharavadu was administered by the Karanavar, the oldest male member of the family. He would be the eldest maternal uncle of the family as well.

The members of the Tharavadu consisted of mother, daughters, sons, sisters and brothers. The fathers and husbands had very minimal role to play in the affairs of the Tharavadu. It was a true matrilineal affair.

The Karanavar took all major decisions. He was usually autocratic. However, the consent of the eldest female member of the family was taken before implementing the decisions. This eldest female member would be his maternal grandmother, own mother, mother's sister, his own sister or a sister through his maternal lineage.

Since the lineage was through the female members, the birth of a daughter was always welcomed. Each Tharavadu also has a Para Devatha (clan deity) revered by those in the particular Tharavadu. Temples were built to honor these deities. Kerala's society is less patriarchical than the rest of the. Certain Hindu communities such as the Nairs, some families in and, Thiyyas in north and Muslims around, and in used to follow a traditional matrilineal system known as which has in the recent years (post Indian independence) ceased to exist. Christians, Muslims, and some Hindu castes such as the Namboothiris and some Ezhavas follow makkathayam, a patrilineal system.

Kerala's gender relations are among the most equitable in India and the Majority World. Architecture [ ]. A typical structure. Kerala, the native land of Malayalis has a tropical climate with excessive rains and intensive solar radiation.

The architecture of this region has evolved to meet these climatic conditions by having the form of buildings with low walls, sloping roof and projecting caves. The setting of the building in the open garden plot was again necessitated by the requirement of wind for giving comfort in the humid climate. Timber is the prime structural material abundantly available in many varieties in Kerala. Perhaps the skilful choice of timber, accurate joinery, artful assembly and delicate carving of wood work for columns, walls and roofs frames are the unique characteristics of Malayali architecture. From the limitations of the materials, a mixed mode of construction was evolved in Malayali architecture. The stone work was restricted to the plinth even in important buildings such as temples.

Laterite was used for walls. The roof structure in timber was covered with palm leaf thatching for most buildings and rarely with tiles for palaces or temples. The Kerala murals are paintings with vegetable dyes on wet walls in subdued shades of brown.

The indigenous adoption of the available raw materials and their transformation as enduring media for architectural expression thus became the dominant feature of the Malayali style of architecture. Nalukettu [ ].

In, a two-storeyed Palace built by between 1811 and 1819, with a blend of -- architectural styles Nalukettu was a housing style in Kerala. Is a quadrangular building constructed after following the Tachu Sastra (Science of ). It was a typical house which was flanked by out-houses and utility structures. The large house-Nalukettu is constructed within a large compound. It was called Nalukettu because it consisted of four wings around a central called Nadumuttom. The house has a in the center. The quadrangle is in every way the center of life in the house and very useful for the performance of rituals.

The layout of these homes was simple, and catered to the dwelling of a large number of people, usually part of a. Ettukettu (eight halled with two central courtyards) or Pathinarukettu (sixteen halled with four central courtyards) are the more elaborate forms of the same architecture. An example of a Nalukettu structure is. Performing arts and music [ ].

Is the race of country made boats. It is mainly conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in Autumn.

Vallam Kali include races of many kinds of traditional boats of Kerala. The race of (snake boat) is the major item. Hence Vallam Kali is also known in English as Snake Boat Race and a major tourist attraction. Other types of boats which do participate in various events in the race are Churulan Vallam, Iruttukuthy Vallam, Odi Vallam, Veppu Vallam (Vaipu Vallam), Vadakkanody Vallam, and Kochu Vallam. Is one the famous Vallam Kali held in in of Kerala. Is the oldest and most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala.

The race is held on on the moolam day (according to the ) of the Malayalam month Midhunam, the day of the installation of the deity at the Sree Krishna Temple. The takes place at, near a temple dedicated to and. Thousands of people gather on the banks of the river Pamba to watch the snake boat races.

Nearly 50 snake boats or chundan vallams participate in the festival. Is a three-day water festival.

It is conducted in Payippad Lake which is 35 km from Alappuzha district of Kerala state. There is a close relation between this Payippad boat race and Subramanya Swamy Temple in. Is a boat race festival celebrated in the last week of December in the backwaters of, a city in Kerala.

This boat race is one of the most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala. This festival is conducted to promote. Festivals [ ]. Typical Malayali cuisine is not homogeneous and regional variations are visible throughout. Spices form an important ingredient in almost all curries.

Kerala is known for its traditional sadhyas, a vegetarian meal served with boiled rice and a host of side-dishes. The sadhya is complemented by payasam, a sweet milk dessert native to Kerala. The sadhya is, as per custom, served on a banana leaf. Traditional dishes include sambar, aviyal, kaalan, theeyal, thoran, injipully, pulisherry, appam, kappa (tapioca), puttu (steamed rice powder), and puzhukku. Is an essential ingredient in most of the food items and is liberally used. Puttu is a culinary specialty in Kerala. It is a steamed rice cake which is a favourite breakfast of most Malayalis.

It is served with either brown chickpeas cooked in a spicy gravy, papadams and boiled small green lentils, or tiny ripe yellow Kerala plantains. In the highlands there is also a variety of puttu served with paani (the boiled-down syrup from ) and sweet boiled bananas. To steam the puttu, there is a special utensil called 'Puttu Kutti'. It consists of two sections. The lower bulkier portion is where the water for steaming is stored. The upper detachable leaner portion is separated from lower portion by perforated lids so as to allow the steam to pass through and bake the rice powder. Is a pancake made of fermented batter.

The batter is made of rice flour and fermented using either yeast or toddy, the local spirit. It is fried using a special frying pan called appa-chatti and is served with egg curry, chicken curry, mutton stew, vegetable curry and chick pea curry. Martial arts [ ].

See also: Malayalis have their own form of martial arts called. This type of martial arts was used as defensive mechanism against intruders. In ancient times, disputes between nobles ( naaduvazhis or Vazhunors) were also settled by the outcome of a Kalaripayattu tournament. This ancient martial art is claimed as the mother of all martial arts.

Siw Download Freeware. The word ' can be traced to ancient. Anthropologists estimate that Kalarippayattu dates back to at least the 12th century CE.

The historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai attributes the birth of Kalaripayattu to an extended period of warfare between the and the in the 11th century CE. What eventually crystallized into this style is thought to have been a product of existing South Indian styles of combat, combined with techniques brought by other cultures. Kalaripayattu may be one of the oldest martial arts in existence. The oldest western reference to Kalaripayattu is a 16th-century travelogue of, a Portuguese explorer. The Southern style, which stresses importance of hand-to-hand combat is slightly different than Kalari in the north. Keralites [ ] • See also [ ].